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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Minnesota_State_Community_and_Technical_College/Biology_of_Human_Concerns_(Daniels)/02%3A_Chemistry_of_Life/2.08%3A_Nucleic_AcidsDNA and RNA are polynucleotides and categorized under Nucleic acids, a type of Macromolecule. They are built of small monomers called nucleotides.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Norco_College/OpenStax_Biology_2e_for_Norco_College/14%3A_DNA_Structure_and_Function/14.02%3A_Historical_Basis_of_Modern_UnderstandingModern understandings of DNA have evolved from the discovery of nucleic acid to the development of the double-helix model. In the 1860s, Friedrich Miescher, a physician by profession, was the first pe...Modern understandings of DNA have evolved from the discovery of nucleic acid to the development of the double-helix model. In the 1860s, Friedrich Miescher, a physician by profession, was the first person to isolate phosphate-rich chemicals from white blood cells or leukocytes. He named these chemicals (which would eventually be known as RNA and DNA) nuclein because they were isolated from the nuclei of the cells.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Cosumnes_River_College/Introductory_Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Aptekar)/02%3A_Cells_and_Tissues/2.02%3A_Discovery_of_Cells_and_Cell_TheoryCells are the basic units of the structure and function of living things. All organisms are made up of one or more cells, and all cells have many of the same structures and carry out the same basic li...Cells are the basic units of the structure and function of living things. All organisms are made up of one or more cells, and all cells have many of the same structures and carry out the same basic life processes.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/Principles_of_the_Human_Body/9%3A_DNA_and_Protein_Synthesis/9.04%3A_Protein_SynthesisYour DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, contains the genes that determine who you are. How can this organic molecule control your characteristics? DNA contains instructions for all the proteins your body ...Your DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, contains the genes that determine who you are. How can this organic molecule control your characteristics? DNA contains instructions for all the proteins your body makes. Proteins, in turn, determine the structure and function of all your cells. What determines a protein's structure? It begins with the sequence of amino acids that make up the protein. Instructions for making proteins with the correct sequence of amino acids are encoded in DNA.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Human_Biology_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/03%3A_Chemistry_of_Life/3.08%3A_Nucleic_AcidsDNA and RNA are polynucleotides and categorized under Nucleic acids, a type of Macromolecule. They are built of small monomers called nucleotides.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/General_Biology_1e_(OpenStax)/3%3A_Genetics/14%3A_DNA_Structure_and_Function/14.2%3A_DNA_Structure_and_SequencingThe building blocks of DNA are nucleotides. The important components of the nucleotide are a nitrogenous base, deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar), and a phosphate group. The nucleotide is named depending on...The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides. The important components of the nucleotide are a nitrogenous base, deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar), and a phosphate group. The nucleotide is named depending on the nitrogenous base. The nitrogenous base can be a purine such as adenine (A) and guanine (G), or a pyrimidine such as cytosine (C) and thymine (T).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/07%3A_Phylogenies_and_the_History_of_Life/7.04%3A_Perspectives_on_the_Phylogenetic_TreeThe concepts of phylogenetic modeling are constantly changing. It is one of the most dynamic fields of study in all of biology. Over the last several decades, new research has challenged scientists’ i...The concepts of phylogenetic modeling are constantly changing. It is one of the most dynamic fields of study in all of biology. Over the last several decades, new research has challenged scientists’ ideas about how organisms are related. New models of these relationships have been proposed for consideration by the scientific community.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Biology_I_and_II/01%3A_Unit_I-Biology_Science_and_the_Chemistry_of_Life/1.03%3A_Biological_Macromolecules/1.3.06%3A_Nucleic_AcidsNucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the genetic blueprint of a cell and carry instructions for the functioning of the cell.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/07%3A_Phylogenies_and_the_History_of_Life/7.03%3A_Determining_Evolutionary_RelationshipsScientists must collect accurate information that allows them to make evolutionary connections among organisms. Similar to detective work, scientists must use evidence to uncover the facts. In the cas...Scientists must collect accurate information that allows them to make evolutionary connections among organisms. Similar to detective work, scientists must use evidence to uncover the facts. In the case of phylogeny, evolutionary investigations focus on two types of evidence: morphologic (form and function) and genetic.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/09%3A_Regulation_of_Gene_Expression/9.11%3A_Cell-specific_gene_expressionThis page discusses gene expression study methods, particularly using transgenic techniques in Drosophila with the even-skipped gene and beta-galactosidase for visualization. It highlights green fluor...This page discusses gene expression study methods, particularly using transgenic techniques in Drosophila with the even-skipped gene and beta-galactosidase for visualization. It highlights green fluorescent protein (GFP) for real-time monitoring in living cells and advancements in DNA chip technology for analyzing thousands of genes simultaneously.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/09%3A_Regulation_of_Gene_Expression/9.10%3A_PalindromesThis page explains palindromes, which read the same forwards and backwards, and highlights their significance in DNA. It discusses how palindromes serve as target sequences for restriction enzymes and...This page explains palindromes, which read the same forwards and backwards, and highlights their significance in DNA. It discusses how palindromes serve as target sequences for restriction enzymes and the role of inverted repeats in transcription factor binding. Additionally, it notes the presence of inverted repeats in transposons, retroviral genes, and the human Y chromosome, where they may improve gene repair through homologous recombination.
