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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Clinton_College/BIO_403%3A_Microbiology_(Neely)/06%3A_The_Immune_System_Nonspecific_and_Specific_Defenses/6.01%3A_The_Lymphatic_and_Immune_System/6.1.02%3A_Anatomy_of_the_Lymphatic_and_Immune_SystemsThe immune system is the complex collection of cells and organs that destroys or neutralizes pathogens that would otherwise cause disease or death. The lymphatic system, for most people, is associated...The immune system is the complex collection of cells and organs that destroys or neutralizes pathogens that would otherwise cause disease or death. The lymphatic system, for most people, is associated with the immune system to such a degree that the two systems are virtually indistinguishable. The lymphatic system is the system of vessels, cells, and organs that carries excess fluids to the bloodstream and filters pathogens from the blood.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/01%3A_Unit_I-_Structure_and_Catalysis/05%3A_Protein_Function/5.04%3A_B._The_Innate_Immune_System_PAMPs_and_DAMPs_and_InflammationThis page discusses biochemistry learning goals, focusing on protein-ligand interactions and the immune system. Topics include immune response mechanisms, the role of signaling molecules like cGAMP, a...This page discusses biochemistry learning goals, focusing on protein-ligand interactions and the immune system. Topics include immune response mechanisms, the role of signaling molecules like cGAMP, and the importance of mRNA vaccines. It explains pathogen recognition via pattern recognition receptors, inflammasome formation involving proteins like ASC, and the activation of NLRP3 by PAMPS and DAMPS.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Cell_and_Molecular_Biology/Book%3A_Cells_-_Molecules_and_Mechanisms_(Wong)/16%3A_Viruses_Cancer_and_the_Immune_System/16.09%3A_DNA_RearrangementOne of the central assumptions throughout our study of the cell has been that although the RNA and proteins in any cell may differ, any cell of a given organism other than the gametes should have the ...One of the central assumptions throughout our study of the cell has been that although the RNA and proteins in any cell may differ, any cell of a given organism other than the gametes should have the same DNA. This is not the case with B cells or T cells. In these cells, part of the maturation process is to create a unique arrangement of different domains to form a specific antibody (or T-cell receptor).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Clinton_College/BIO_403%3A_Microbiology_(Neely)/06%3A_The_Immune_System_Nonspecific_and_Specific_Defenses/6.03%3A_Specific_Adaptive_Host_Defenses/6.3.04%3A_B_Lymphocytes_and_AntibodiesHumoral immunity refers to mechanisms of the adaptive immune defenses that are mediated by antibodies secreted by B lymphocytes, or B cells. This section will focus on B cells and discuss their produc...Humoral immunity refers to mechanisms of the adaptive immune defenses that are mediated by antibodies secreted by B lymphocytes, or B cells. This section will focus on B cells and discuss their production and maturation, receptors, and mechanisms of activation.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/BIOL_440%3A_General_Microbiology_(Hughes)/15%3A_Week_15/25%3A_Specific_Adaptive_Host_Defenses_(Part_B)/25.01%3A_B_Lymphocytes_and_AntibodiesHumoral immunity refers to mechanisms of the adaptive immune defenses that are mediated by antibodies secreted by B lymphocytes, or B cells. This section will focus on B cells and discuss their produc...Humoral immunity refers to mechanisms of the adaptive immune defenses that are mediated by antibodies secreted by B lymphocytes, or B cells. This section will focus on B cells and discuss their production and maturation, receptors, and mechanisms of activation.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/15%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/15.04%3A_Immune_System/15.4E%3A_Histocompatibility_MoleculesThis page discusses histocompatibility molecules, essential glycoproteins for tissue compatibility in transplants, categorized into Class I and Class II. Class I molecules (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C) presen...This page discusses histocompatibility molecules, essential glycoproteins for tissue compatibility in transplants, categorized into Class I and Class II. Class I molecules (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C) present intracellular antigens to CD8+ T cells, while Class II (HLA-D) presents extracellular antigens to CD4+ T cells. Activation of CD4+ T cells occurs through epitope recognition, leading to proliferation and lymphokine secretion, which recruits immune cells and promotes inflammation.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Microbiology_(Liu_et_al.)/23%3A_Adaptive_Immunity_II/23.05%3A_B_Cell_ActivationThis page explains two types of B cell activation: T cell-independent and T cell-dependent. T cell-independent activation, triggered by repetitive antigens, produces a brief IgM response without memor...This page explains two types of B cell activation: T cell-independent and T cell-dependent. T cell-independent activation, triggered by repetitive antigens, produces a brief IgM response without memory B cells. Conversely, T cell-dependent activation, involving helper T cells, elicits a stronger response with class switching and memory B cell formation, leading to a more potent secondary response with increased antibody levels and affinity upon re-exposure.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Coastline_College/Book-_Cells_-_Molecules_and_Mechanisms_(Wong)/15%3A_Viruses_Cancer_and_the_Immune_System/15.09%3A_DNA_RearrangementOne of the central assumptions throughout our study of the cell has been that although the RNA and proteins in any cell may differ, any cell of a given organism other than the gametes should have the ...One of the central assumptions throughout our study of the cell has been that although the RNA and proteins in any cell may differ, any cell of a given organism other than the gametes should have the same DNA. This is not the case with B cells or T cells. In these cells, part of the maturation process is to create a unique arrangement of different domains to form a specific antibody (or T-cell receptor).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(OpenStax)/18%3A_Specific_Adaptive_Host_Defenses/18.04%3A_B_Lymphocytes_and_AntibodiesHumoral immunity refers to mechanisms of the adaptive immune defenses that are mediated by antibodies secreted by B lymphocytes, or B cells. This section will focus on B cells and discuss their produc...Humoral immunity refers to mechanisms of the adaptive immune defenses that are mediated by antibodies secreted by B lymphocytes, or B cells. This section will focus on B cells and discuss their production and maturation, receptors, and mechanisms of activation.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/15%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/15.04%3A_Immune_System/15.4N%3A_The_Immunological_SynapseThis page discusses the interactions in immunological responses, focusing on T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). It highlights the roles of helper T cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, T-cell ...This page discusses the interactions in immunological responses, focusing on T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). It highlights the roles of helper T cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, T-cell receptor (TCR) binding to MHC molecules, and the importance of costimulatory molecules, adhesion molecules, and cytokine receptors. These interactions are crucial for T cell activation and subsequent gene expression, resulting in the secretion of signaling molecules and cytotoxic factors.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/01%3A_Unit_I-_Structure_and_Catalysis/05%3A_Protein_Function/5.04%3A_A._The_Immune_System_-_Antibodies_B-_cells_T-cell_receptors_and_T-cellsThis page provides an overview of the immune system's functionality, detailing the roles of both innate and adaptive immunity, particularly focusing on the mechanisms of B cells and T cells. Key eleme...This page provides an overview of the immune system's functionality, detailing the roles of both innate and adaptive immunity, particularly focusing on the mechanisms of B cells and T cells. Key elements include the structure and diversity of antibodies, significance of immunoglobulin domains, and the dynamics of antibody-antigen interactions.
