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14.E: Diversity of Plants (Exercises)

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    8092
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    14.1: The Plant Kingdom

    Multiple Choice

    The land plants are probably descendants of which of these groups?

    A. green algae
    B. red algae
    C. brown algae
    D. angiosperms

    Answer

    A

    The event that leads from the haploid stage to the diploid stage in alternation of generations is ________.

    A. meiosis
    B. mitosis
    C. fertilization
    D. germination

    Answer

    C

    Moss is an example of which type of plant?

    A. haplontic plant
    B. vascular plant
    C. diplontic plant
    D. seed plant

    Answer

    A

    Free Response

    What adaptations do plants have that allow them to survive on land?

    Answer

    The sporangium of plants protects the spores from drying out. Apical meristems ensure that a plant is able to grow in the two directions required to acquire water and nutrients: up toward sunlight and down into the soil. The multicellular embryo is an important adaptation that improves survival of the developing plant in dry environments. The development of molecules that gave plants structural strength allowed them to grow higher on land and obtain more sunlight. A waxy cuticle prevents water loss from aerial surfaces.

    14.2: Seedless Plants

    Multiple Choice

    Why do mosses grow well in the Arctic tundra?

    A. They grow better at cold temperatures.
    B. They do not require moisture.
    C. They do not have true roots and can grow on hard surfaces.
    D. There are no herbivores in the tundra.

    Answer

    C

    Which is the most diverse group of seedless vascular plants?

    A. the liverworts
    B. the horsetails
    C. the club mosses
    D. the ferns

    Answer

    D

    Which group are vascular plants?

    A. liverworts
    B. mosses
    C. hornworts
    D. ferns

    Answer

    D

    Free Response

    What are the three classes of bryophytes?

    Answer

    The bryophytes are divided into three divisions: the liverworts or Marchantiophyta, the hornworts or Anthocerotophyta, and the mosses or true Bryophyta.

    How did the development of a vascular system contribute to the increase in size of plants?

    Answer

    It became possible to transport water and nutrients through the plant and not be limited by rates of diffusion. Vascularization allowed the development of leaves, which increased efficiency of photosynthesis and provided more energy for plant growth.

    14.3: Seed Plants: Gymnosperms

    Multiple Choice

    Which of the following traits characterizes gymnosperms?

    A. The plants carry exposed seeds on modified leaves.
    B. Reproductive structures are located in a flower.
    C. After fertilization, the ovary thickens and forms a fruit.
    D. The gametophyte is longest phase of the life cycle.

    Answer

    A

    What adaptation do seed plants have in addition to the seed that is not found in seedless plants?

    A. gametophytes
    B. vascular tissue
    C. pollen
    D. chlorophyll

    Answer

    C

    Free Response

    What are the four modern-day groups of gymnosperms?

    Answer

    The four modern-day groups of gymnosperms are Coniferophyta, Cycadophyta, Gingkophyta, and Gnetophyta.

    14.4: Seed Plants: Angiosperms

    Multiple Choice

    Pollen grains develop in which structure?

    A. the anther
    B. the stigma
    C. the filament
    D. the carpel

    Answer

    A

    Corn develops from a seedling with a single cotyledon, displays parallel veins on its leaves, and produces monosulcate pollen. It is most likely:

    A. a gymnosperm
    B. a monocot
    C. a eudicot
    D. a basal angiosperm

    Answer

    B

    Free Response

    Cycads are considered endangered species and their trade is severely restricted. Customs officials stop suspected smugglers, who claim that the plants in their possession are palm trees and not cycads. How would a botanist distinguish between the two types of plants?

    Answer

    The resemblance between cycads and palm trees is only superficial. Cycads are gymnosperms and do not bear flowers or fruit. Unlike palms, cycads produce cones; large, female cones that produce naked seeds, and smaller male cones on separate plants.

    What are the two structures that allow angiosperms to be the dominant form of plant life in most terrestrial ecosystems?

    Answer

    Angiosperms are successful because of flowers and fruit. These structures protect reproduction from variability in the environment.


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