4.3: Domestication of Animals as Agriculture
- Page ID
- 114257
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Sheep
· First domesticated livestock – around 11000 years ago
· Came from multiple lines (wild sheep called mouflon domesticated multiple times from multiple locations in the near East)
· First domesticated for meat, milk, and skins
· 6000 BC – started to be bred for wool
· Depended on living in areas where there was plenty of grazing available (grasslands)
Cattle and relatives
· Domesticated about 10,000 years ago
· From multiple areas (Near East, China) – and multiple sources of species
· Wildlife: Ancient cattle bred with wild aurochs (but did not originate from them)
· Domesticated from as few as 80 wild ox in the Near East population
· Humpless cattle (taurine) first in the Near East
· Humped cattle (zebu) in South Asia
· Northwest China – a third type
· Uses to people: Meat (beef, veal, blood), dairy, leather, draught (pulling equipment)
· Goats – from wild goats – around 8000 BC in southwest Asia
· Pigs – from wild boar – around 7000 BC in a region of Turkey
· Alpacas – from wild vicunas – between 5000-4000 BC in the Andes
· Water buffalo – from wild water buffalo – 4000 BC in south Asia
· Horse – from wild horses – approximately 4000 BCE in Kazakhstan
· Rabbits – from wild rabbits - between 400 and 900 AD in France
· Bison – from wild bison – since the late 1800s in the U.S.