21.7: Laboratory Activities and Assignment

Laboratory Activities and Assignment

Part 1: Review of the Urinary System

1. On the diagram below, label the following structures:

inferior vena cava descending thoracic aorta external urethral orifice internal urethral orifice left adrenal gland left kidney

left ureter major calyces right adrenal gland right kidney right ureter

renal artery renal pelvis renal vein urethra urinary bladder

2. On the diagram below, match the numbers on the diagram with the following structures (not all numbers will be used):

____ fibrous capsule ____ hilum ____ location of adrenal gland (not shown) ____ major calyx ____ minor calyx

____ nephrons ____ papilla ____ pyramid ____ renal artery

____ renal column ____ renal pelvis ____ renal vein ____ ureter

3. On the diagram below, label the following structures:

arcuate artery arcuate vein fibrous capsule interlobar artery

interlobar vein location(s) of nephrons renal artery renal cortex

renal medulla renal vein segmental artery segmental vein

4. On the diagram below, label the following structures:

afferent arteriole ascending limb of nephron loop Bowman's capsule collecting duct

cortical radiate artery cortical radiate vein descending limb of nephron loop distal convoluted tubule

efferent arteriole glomerulus peritubular capillaries proximal convoluted tubule

5. On the diagram below, number the path of filtrate through the nephron, beginning with the location where it is created (#1) and follow its path as it becomes urine and is transported toward the ureter (you will have 6-8 steps total, depending on how you label the figure).

6. On the diagram below, number the path of blood through the nephron, beginning with the blood vessel bringing blood to the nephron (#1) and follow its path until it exits the nephron and moves back toward the heart (you should have 6 steps total and include cortical radiate blood vessels).

7. On the diagram below, label the following structures:

afferent arteriole Bowman's capsule Bowman's space distal convoluted tubule

efferent arteriole glomerulus juxtaglomerular cells macula densa

parietal layer podocyte proximal convoluted tubule renal corpuscle

8. On the microscopic image of cortical tissue of the kidney, label the following structures:

afferent arteriole Bowman's capsule Bowman's space efferent arteriole

glomerulus distal convoluted tubule macula densa parietal layer

podocyte proximal convoluted tubule renal corpuscle

9. On the diagram below, label the following structures:

detrusor muscle external urethral opening internal urethral opening left ureter

left ureteral opening peritoneum right ureter right ureteral opening

rugae trigone urethra

Part 2: Histology of the Urinary System

Kidney

Make one illustration at a low magnification and another at a higher magnification to view structures of the nephron.

Label the tissue with: cortex, medulla, renal column, pyramid, glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, Bowman's space, parietal layer, podocytes, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, macula densa, juxtaglomerular cells (if possible), proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, simple cuboidal epithelium lining kidney tubules

Ureter

Label the tissue with: lumen, transitional epithelium, connective tissue, muscularis externa, adventitia

Urinary Bladder

Label the tissue with: lumen, transitional epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis externa, adventitia/serosa

Part 3: Sheep Kidney Dissection

Above: Sheep kidney.

1. Collect a dissection tray, scalpel, scissors, probes, and gloves.
2. Obtain a preserved cow eye and place it on your dissection tray.
3. Identify the renal hilum. What three prominent structures enter/exit the kidney at the renal hilum? ______________, _______________, & _________________
4. Carefully slide the scalpel from the lateral aspect of the kidney to the medial aspect of the kidney to create a frontal section of the kidney, separating anterior and posterior. DO NOT make sawing motions with the scalpel. If the scalpel is sharp enough for the dissection, it should slide across the tissue without sawing.
5. Identify the following structures on your dissected kidney. Illustration and label the dissected kidney in the space below. Alternatively you can take a photo and label the photo of your dissected kidney.

cortex fibrous capsule hilum major calyx medulla

minor calyx papilla pyramid renal artery (if present)

renal column renal pelvis renal vein (if present) ureter (if present)

Part 4: Urinary System Laboratory Activites

Labeling Models

1. Use the anatomical models provided to your group in your group.
2. As a group, identify the structures listed below.
3. Write each of the following structures on masking tape or labeling tape (with correct spelling) and stick onto the model to label each structure.

adipose capsule afferent arteriole arcuate artery arcuate vein ascending loop of Henle Bowman's capsule Bowman's space collecting duct cortical nephron cortical radiate artery cortical radiate vein descending loop of Henle detrusor muscle distal convoluted tubule efferent arteriole external urethral orifice external urethral sphincter

glomerular capillaries glomerulus interlobar artery interlobar vein internal urethral orifice internal urethral sphincter juxtamedullary cells juxtamedullary nephron left ureter peritubular capillaries podocytes proximal convoluted tubule renal artery macula densa major calyx minor calyx renal column

renal corpuscle renal cortex renal fascia renal hilum renal papilla renal pelvis renal pyramid renal medulla right ureter renal vein rugae (bladder) segmental artery segmental vein urethra urinary bladder urinary trigone vasa recta

4. Ask your instructor to verify the labeling is correct.

Instructor Signature Confirming Correct Labeling: ___________________

5. Take a photo of your anatomical model for future reference for studying.

Filtrate Path and Blood Flow Path through Kidney

1. As a group, determine the route of filtrate/urine through the various ducts of the kidney on an anatomical model, originating at the glomerulus and ending with the urethra. Be sure to identify where along that path each of the structures on the vocabulary list are located.

2. Write sequential numbers on masking tape or labeling tape to show the sequence of filtrate/urine movement and attach to an anatomical model.

3. As a group, on an anatomical model, determine the course of blood through the blood vessels from the heart, to the kidney, through the kidney, and back to the heart.

4. Using a different color tape or a different color marker than step 2, write sequential numbers on masking tape or labeling tape and adhere to an anatomical model to show the sequence of blood flow from the heart, into and through the kidney, and back to the heart.

5. Ask your instructor to verify the labeling is correct.

Instructor Signature Confirming Correct Labeling: ___________________

6. Take a photo of your anatomical model for future reference for studying.

Attributions

Part 1: Review of the Urinary System

• "Anatomy and Physiology Lab Homework" by Laird C Sheldahl is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
• "Digital Histology" by Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and the Office of Faculty Affairs, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the ALT Lab at Virginia Commonwealth University is licensed under CC BY 4.0
• "KidneyStructures PioM.svg" by Piotr Michał Jaworski is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
• "Urinary System Large Unlabeled.jpg" by Andrewmeyerson is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

Part 2: Histology of the Urinary System

• "BIOL 250 Human Anatomy Lab Manual SU 19" by Yancy Aquino, Skyline College is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Part 3: Sheep Kidney Dissection

• "Human Anatomy Lab Manual" by Malgosia Wilk-Blaszczak, Mavs Open Press, University of Texas at Arlington is licensed under CC BY 4.0

Part 4: Urinary System Laboratory Activities

• "Human Anatomy Lab Manual" by Malgosia Wilk-Blaszczak, Mavs Open Press, University of Texas at Arlington is licensed under CC BY 4.0
• "Kidney of lamb 6.jpg" by Jurfeld is licensed under CC BY 4.0