16.6: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
- Page ID
- 53761
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Laboratory Activities and Assignment
Part 1: Review of Vision Anatomy
1. Label the diagram of the eye below with the following structures:
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2. Below is a image of a microscopic section of the eye, magnified by 10x. Label the following structures:
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3. Label the following structures of the eye on the diagram below (superior view of the right eye).
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4. Below is a diagram of the cells in the retina. Label the following:
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5. On the diagram above, number the structures light information is processed through beginning with the photoreceptors and ending with the cells carrying light sensory information to the thalamus in the optic nerve.
6. On the diagram of the lacrimal apparatus below, label the following structures:
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7. On the diagram above, number the sequential path of lacrimal fluid.
8. In the boxes of the diagram below, place the appropriate letters with each labeled structure of the vision neural pathway.
A. Conscious visual sensation
B. Beginning of axons of retinal ganglion cells
C. Third order neuron
D. Synapse between second and third order neuron in (in thalamus)
E. Half of nerve fibers decussate here
F. First region with axons from only the left side of both eyes
Part 2: Review of Auditory and Equilibrium Anatomy
1. Match the following items to their proper location.
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Outer ear |
Middle ear |
Inner ear |
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2. Label the following diagram with the structures listed below.
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3. Label the following diagram showing a section of the cochlea with the structures listed.
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Part 3: Review of Olfactory Anatomy
1. Label the figure below with the following microstructures of olfaction:
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Part 4: Review of Taste Anatomy
1. On the figure below, label the following structures:
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2. Explain the role of the following structures in gustation:
a. papillae:
b. gustatory cells
c. taste pore
d. taste bud:
3. Give the three cranial nerves that transmit taste sensory signals.
Part 5: Cow Eye Dissection
Instructions
- Collect a dissection tray, scalpel, scissors, probes, and gloves.
- Obtain a preserved cow eye and place it on your dissection tray.
- Examine the outside of the eye. You should be able to find the sclera, or the whites of the eye. This tough, outer covering of the eyeball has fat and muscle attached to it.
- Locate the covering over the front of the eye, the cornea. When the cow was alive, the cornea was clear. In your cow’s eye, the cornea may be cloudy or blue in color.
- Illustrate the outer eye in the space below. Label the following structures on your illustration (alternatively, you may take a photo and label it on the computer).
- adipose tissue (fat)
- cornea
- sclera
6. Cut the fat around the eye and remove it.
7. Identify the optic nerve. It can be seen on the back of the eye. The nerve is usually buried in fat, so it will take some work to expose it.
Above: Posterior view of a cow eye with adipose tissue cut away to reveal the optic nerve.
8. Puncture the cornea (pinned in the image below) with scissors or scalpel. Liquid should leak out.
What is the name of the fluid that leaked out when the cornea was punctured? _____________________ (Hint: Which cavity of the eye did you open?)
Above: Cow eye with the cornea pinned
9. Cut the eye in a frontal section (separating anterior and posterior). See image below. This cut will open another cavity of the eye.
Name the cavity of the eye that was opened when making the frontal section: ___________________
What is the name of the gelatinous fluid inside this cavity of the eye? ______________________
Above: Making a frontal section of a cow eye.
10.Open the eye (as shown in the image above).
11.Separate the parts of the eye. The lens is the hard, sphere-shaped structure sitting in or on the liquid in this cavity.
12.Find the cornea (which you punctured in step 8) and then the disk-shaped iris behind it.
13.The iris will be dark in color and contain a center opening, the pupil.
14.On the back of the eye, the thin layer of cells of the retina can be seen. It is very thin and easy to pull away. The spot where they remain attached is the optic disk which connects the retina to the optic nerve.
15.The tapetum (a layer of the choroid that is highly reflective in animals) is clearly visible when the retina is removed. It is blue and shiny and will reflect light. This helps the cow to see in the dark