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12.8: Laboratory Activities and Assignment

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    53691
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    Laboratory Activities and Assignment

    Part 1: Review of the Head and Anterior Neck Muscles

    1. Label the muscles in the diagram below by placing the name of each muscle listed below in the corresponding blank space on the figure below.

    • aponeurosis of epicranius
    • buccinator
    • depressor anguli oris
    • depressor labii inferioris
    • frontal belly of epicranius
    • occipital belly of epicranius
    • orbicularis oculi
    • orbicularis oris
    • mentalis
    • masseter
    • nasalis
    • platysma
    • risorius
    • sternocleidomastoid
    • trapezius
    • zygomaticus major
    • zygomaticus minor

    Head and neck figure for labeling

    2. Label the muscles in the diagram below by placing the name of each muscle listed below in the corresponding blank space on the figure below.

    • digastric
    • mylohyoid
    • omohyoid
    • scalenus anterior
    • scalenus medius
    • sternocleidomastoid
    • sternohyoid
    • stylohyoid
    • thyrohyoid
    • trapezius

    Neck muscles figure for labeling

    3. Label the muscles that move the eye and eyelid by placing the name of each muscle listed below in the corresponding blank space on the figure below.

    • superior rectus
    • inferior rectus
    • levator palpebrae superioris
    • lateral rectus
    • medial rectus
    • superior oblique
    • inferior oblique

    Eye figure for labeling

    Part 2: Review of Trunk and Posterior Neck Muscles

    1. Label the muscles in the diagram below by placing the name of each muscle listed below in the corresponding blank space on the figure below (left shows superficial muscles of anterior thorax and arm and right shows deeper muscles of anterior thorax and arm).

    • biceps brachii (both heads)
    • biceps brachii (short head)
    • biceps brachii (long head)
    • coracobrachialis
    • brachialis
    • deltoid (2 places)
    • external intercostal
    • internal intercostal
    • pectoralis major (2 places)
    • pectoralis minor
    • serratus anterior

    Thorax and arm figure for labeling

    2. Label the muscles in the diagram below by placing the name of each muscle listed below in the corresponding blank space on the figure below (top left shows superficial anterior abdominal muscles, top right is one layer deeper than top left, bottom right shows one layer deeper than top right, and bottom left shows a cut through the multiple abdominal layers).

    • external intercostal
    • external oblique (2 places)
    • internal intercostal
    • internal obliques (2 places)
    • linea alba (2 places)
    • pectoralis major
    • rectus abdominis
    • serratus anterior
    • transversus abdominis (2 places)

    Abdominal figure for labeling

    Abdominal muscle figure for labeling

    3. Label the muscles in the diagram below by placing the name of each muscle listed below in the corresponding blank space on the figure below (left side shows superficial muscles and right side shows deeper muscles of the posterior trunk and neck).

    • deltoid
    • infraspinatus
    • latissimus dorsi
    • levator scapulae
    • rhomboid major
    • rhomboid minor
    • serratus posterior inferior
    • splenius capitis
    • supraspinatus
    • teres major
    • teres minor
    • trapezius

    Posterior trunk muscles figure for labeling

    4. Label the muscles in the diagram below by placing the name of each muscle listed below in the corresponding blank space on the figure below (figure mostly shows only one of each of the paired muscles of the deep posterior trunk - focus on lateral positions of the long vertebral muscles in relation to each other and whether the muscles are associated with the cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, or the skull).

    • external intercostal
    • iliocostalis lumborum
    • iliocostalis thoracis
    • longissimus capitis
    • longissimus cervicis
    • longissimus thoracis
    • multifidus
    • obliquus capitis inferior
    • obliquus capitis superior
    • quadratus lumborum
    • rectus capitis posterior major
    • rectus capitis posterior minor
    • semispinalis capitis
    • semispinalis cervicis
    • semispinalis thoracis
    • spinalis thoracis

    Posterior trunk deep muscles figure for labeling

    Part 3: Review of Rotator Cuff and Upper Limb Muscles

    1. Label the muscles in the diagram below by placing the name of each muscle listed below in the corresponding blank space on the figure below (figure shows posterior view of the arm and the scapula).

    • infraspinatus
    • latissimus dorsi
    • supraspinatus
    • teres major
    • teres minor
    • triceps brachii (lateral head)
    • triceps brachii (long head)

    Rotator cuff muscles figure for labeling

    2. Label the muscles of the left superficial anterior antebrachium (forearm) by placing the name of each muscle listed below in the corresponding blank space on the figure below.

    • biceps brachii
    • brachialis
    • brachioradialis
    • flexor carpi radialis
    • flexor carpi ulnaris
    • flexor digitorum superficialis
    • palmaris longus
    • pronator teres

    Anterior forearm muscles figure for labeling

    3. Label the muscles in the diagram below by placing the name of each muscle listed below in the corresponding blank space on the figure below (diagrams show the deeper muscles of the anterior left forearm and superficial palmar muscles of the left hand).

    • abductor digiti minimi
    • abductor pollicis brevis
    • adductor pollicis
    • first lumbrical
    • flexor digiti minimi brevis
    • flexor digitorum profundus
    • flexor pollicis brevis
    • flexor pollicis longus
    • fourth lumbrical
    • opponens pollicis
    • pronator quadratus
    • second lumbrical
    • third lumbrical

    Anterior forearm muscles and hand muscles figure for labeling

    4. Label the muscles in the diagram below by placing the name of each muscle listed below in the corresponding blank space on the figure below.

    • abductor pollicis longus (2 places)
    • anconeus
    • brachioradialis
    • extensor carpi radialis brevis
    • extensor carpi radialis longus
    • extensor carpi ulnaris
    • extensor digiti minimi
    • extensor digitorum
    • extensor indicis
    • extensor pollicis brevis (2 places)
    • extensor pollicis longus
    • flexor carpi ulnaris
    • supinator
    • triceps brachii

    Posterior forearm muscles figure for labeling

    Part 4: Review of Hip and Lower Limb Muscles

    1. Label the muscles in the diagram below by placing the name of each muscle listed below in the corresponding blank space on the figure below (left shows superficial muscles of the anterior right hip and thigh, middle shows the deep muscles of the anterior right thigh, and right shows the superficial and deep muscles of the posterior thigh with superficial gluteal muscles cut away).

    • adductor longus (2 places)
    • adductor magnus (2 places)
    • biceps femoris
    • gluteus maximus
    • gluteus medius
    • gluteus minimus
    • gracilis (2 places)
    • iliacus
    • iliotibial tract/band (ITB)
    • pectineus
    • psoas major
    • quadratus lumborum
    • rectus femoris
    • sartorius
    • semimembranosus
    • semitendinosus
    • tensor fasciae latae
    • vastus lateralis
    • vastus medialis

    Hip, thigh, and butt muscle figure for labeling

    2. Label the muscles in the diagram below by placing the name of each muscle listed below in the corresponding blank space on the figure below.

    • calcaneal tendon
    • extensor digitorum longus
    • extensor hallucis longus
    • fibularis brevis
    • fibularis longus (2 places)
    • flexor digitorum longus
    • flexor hallucis longus
    • gastrocnemius
    • gastrocnemius (lateral head)
    • gastrocnemius (medial head)
    • plantaris
    • popliteus
    • soleus (2 places)
    • tibialis anterior
    • tibialis posterior

    Leg muscle figure for labeling

    3. Label the muscles in the diagram below by placing the name of each muscle listed below in the corresponding blank space on the figure below (figure shows left to right superficial to deep muscles of plantar (sole of the foot)).

    • abductor digiti minimi
    • adductor hallucis
    • first lumbrical
    • flexor accessorius
    • flexor digiti minimi brevis
    • flexor digitorum brevis
    • flexor digitorum longus
    • flexor hallucis brevis
    • fourth lumbrical
    • second lumbrical
    • third lumbrical

    Plantar muscle figure for labeling

    Part 5: Head and Anterior Neck Muscles Laboratory Activities

    1. The following are muscles of facial expression. For each, identify it on a laboratory model, give its location, and describe its action when it contracts.

    Muscle

    Location

    Action when contracted

    epicranius frontal belly

    epicranius occipital belly

    orbicularis oculi

    zygomaticus major

    zygomaticus minor

    buccinator

    orbicularis oris

    platysma

    depressor labii inferioris

    depressor anguli oris

    risorius

    nasalis

    2. The following are muscles of mastication (chewing). For each, identify it on a laboratory model (where possible), give its location, and describe its action when it contracts.

    Muscle

    Location

    Action when contracted

    masseter

    temporalis

    medial pterygoid

    lateral pterygoid

    3. Navigate to zygotebody.com. Use the slide bar on the left of the screen to remove the skin but leave the superficial layers of muscle. Click the following head and neck muscles on the ZygoteBody model. For each, indicate whether this muscle is superficial, deep, or intermediate to other muscles (hold ctrl on the keyboard [or command on a Mac] and click on a muscle to make it disappear – when you then click without holding control, it will restore all of the hidden items). Describe each muscle as being "superficial" (no muscles on top of it), "intermediate" (muscles on top of it and deep to it), or "deep" (muscles on top of it but none underneath it). List the muscles that are either superficial or deep to each of these muscles in the table below as applicable.

    Muscle

    Superficial, intermediate, or deep

    Muscle(s) Deep to This Muscle

    Muscle(s) Superficial to This Muscle

    platysma

    masseter

    sternocleidomastoid

    trapezius

    temporalis

    zygomaticus

    orbicularis oculi

    orbicularis oris

    Part 6: Trunk and Posterior Neck Muscles Laboratory Activities

    1. The following are muscles that move the pectoral girdle. For each, identify it on a laboratory model, give its location, and describe its action when it contracts.

    Muscle

    Location

    Action when contracted

    trapezius

    pectoralis minor

    serratus anterior

    2. The following are muscles that move the arm. For each, identify it on a laboratory model, give its location, and describe its action when it contracts.

    Muscle

    Location

    Action when contracted

    pectoralis major

    latissimus dorsi

    deltoid

    3. The following are muscles of the abdominal wall. For each, identify it on a laboratory model, give its location and describe its action when it contracts.

    Muscle

    Location

    Action when contracted

    rectus abdominis

    external oblique

    internal oblique

    transversus abdominis

    4. Navigate to zygotebody.com. Use the slide bar on the left of the screen to remove the skin but leave the superficial layers of muscle. Click the following anterior trunk muscles on the ZygoteBody model. For each, indicate whether this muscle is superficial, deep, or intermediate to other muscles (hold ctrl on the keyboard [or command on a Mac] and click on a muscle to make it disappear – when you then click without holding control, it will restore all of the hidden items). Describe each muscle as being "superficial" (no muscles on top of it), "intermediate" (muscles on top of it and deep to it), or "deep" (muscles on top of it but none underneath it). List the muscles that are either superficial or deep to each of these muscles in the table below as applicable.

    Muscle

    Superficial, intermediate, or deep

    Muscle(s) Deep to This Muscle

    Muscle(s) Superficial to This Muscle

    pectoralis major

    pectoralis minor

    serratus anterior

    external intercostal

    internal intercostal

    innermost intercostal

    transverse abdominis

    external oblique

    internal oblique

    psoas major

    5. Navigate to zygotebody.com. Use the slide bar on the left of the screen to remove the skin but leave the superficial layers of muscle. Click the following posterior trunk muscles on the ZygoteBody model. For each, indicate whether this muscle is superficial, deep, or intermediate to other muscles (hold ctrl on the keyboard [or command on a Mac] and click on a muscle to make it disappear – when you then click without holding control, it will restore all of the hidden items). Describe each muscle as being "superficial" (no muscles on top of it), "intermediate" (muscles on top of it and deep to it), or "deep" (muscles on top of it but none underneath it). List the muscles that are either superficial or deep to each of these muscles in the table below as applicable.

    Muscle

    Superficial, intermediate, or deep

    Muscle(s) Deep to This Muscle

    Muscle(s) Superficial to This Muscle

    trapezius

    latissimus dorsi

    spinalis thoracis

    levator scapularis

    longissimus thoracis

    iliocostalis

    supraspinatus

    multifidus

    infraspinatus

    teres major

    teres minor

    longissimus capitis

    rhomboid major

    rhomboid minor

    serratus posterior superior

    serratus posterior inferior

    splenius capitis

    splenius cervicis

    semispinalis capitis

    semispinalis thoracis

    Part 7: Rotator Cuff and Upper Limb Muscles Laboratory Activities

    1. The following are muscles of arm rotation and adduction. For each, identify it on a laboratory model, give its location, action when contracted, and whether or not it is part of the rotator cuff.

    Muscle

    Location

    Action when contracted

    Part of rotator cuff?

    subscapularis

    supraspinatus

    infraspinatus

    teres major

    teres minor

    deltoid

    2. The following are muscles of arm rotation and adduction. For each, identify it on a laboratory model, give its location, and its action when contracted.

    Muscle

    Location

    Action when contracted

    biceps brachii

    brachialis

    triceps brachii

    3. Write down the muscles of the forearm selected by your instructor and, for each, identify it on a laboratory model, give the location of that muscle, and what effect contracting that muscle has.

    Muscle

    Location

    Action when contracted

    4. Navigate to zygotebody.com. Use the slide bar on the left of the screen to remove the skin but leave the superficial layers of muscle. Click the following upper limb and rotator cuff muscles on the ZygoteBody model. For each, indicate whether this muscle is superficial, deep, or intermediate to other muscles (hold ctrl on the keyboard [or command on a Mac] and click on a muscle to make it disappear – when you then click without holding control, it will restore all of the hidden items). Describe each muscle as being "superficial" (no muscles on top of it), "intermediate" (muscles on top of it and deep to it), or "deep" (muscles on top of it but none underneath it). List the muscles that are either superficial or deep to each of these muscles in the table below as applicable.

    Muscle

    Superficial, intermediate, or deep

    Muscle(s) Deep to This Muscle

    Muscle(s) Superficial to This Muscle

    subscapularis

    supraspinatus

    infraspinatus

    teres minor

    deltoid

    biceps brachii

    brachialis

    tricep (long head)

    tricep (lateral head)

    tricep (medial head)

    brachioradialis

    extensor carpi radialis longus

    extensor carpi radialis brevis

    extensor digitorum

    extensor carpi ulnaris

    pronator teres

    flexor carpi radialis

    flexor digitorum superficialis

    palmaris longus

    flexor carpi ulnaris

    Part 8: Hip and Lower Limb Muscles Laboratory Activities

    1. Write down the muscles of the hip, thigh, and gluteal regions in the table below and, for each, identify it on a laboratory model, give the location of that muscle, and what effect contracting that muscle has.

    Muscle

    Location

    Action when contracted

    rectus femoris

    vastus intermedius

    vastus medialis

    vastus lateralis

    sartorius

    gracilis

    semimembranosus

    semitendinosus

    biceps femoris

    gluteus maximus

    gluteus medius

    gluteus minimus

    iliacus

    psoas major

    quadratus lumborum

    tensor fascia latae

    2. For each of the muscles of the leg, identify it on a laboratory model, give the location of that muscle, and what effect contracting that muscle has.

    Muscles

    Location

    Action when contracted

    gastrocnemius

    soleus

    tibialis anterior

    fibularis longus

    flexor digitorum longus

    extensor digitorum longus

    3. Navigate to zygotebody.com. Use the slide bar on the left of the screen to remove the skin but leave the superficial layers of muscle. Click the following lower limb and gluteal muscles on the ZygoteBody model. For each, indicate whether this muscle is superficial, deep, or intermediate to other muscles (hold ctrl on the keyboard [or command on a Mac] and click on a muscle to make it disappear – when you then click without holding control, it will restore all of the hidden items). Describe each muscle as being "superficial" (no muscles on top of it), "intermediate" (muscles on top of it and deep to it), or "deep" (muscles on top of it but none underneath it). List the muscles that are either superficial or deep to each of these muscles in the table below as applicable.

    Muscle

    Superficial, intermediate, or deep

    Muscle(s) Deep to This Muscle

    Muscle(s) Superficial to This Muscle

    gluteus maximus

    gluteus medius

    gluteus minimus

    rectus femoris

    vastus medialis

    vastus lateralis

    vastus intermedius

    sartorius

    gracilis

    pectineus

    adductor longus

    adductor magnus

    biceps femoris (longus)

    biceps femoris (short)

    semitendinosus

    semimembranosus

    gastrocnemius

    soleus

    tibialis anterior

    extensor digitorum

    fibularis (peroneus) longus

    tibialis posterior

    Attributions

    Part 1: Review of Head and Anterior Neck Muscles

    Part 2: Review of Trunk and Posterior Neck Muscles

    Part 3: Review of Rotator Cuff and Upper Limb Muscles

    Part 4: Review of Hip and Lower Limb Muscles

    Part 5: Head and Anterior Neck Muscles Laboratory Activities

    Part 6: Trunk and Posterior Neck Muscles Laboratory Activities

    Part 7: Rotator Cuff and Upper Limb Muscles Laboratory Activities

    Part 8: Hip and Lower Limb Muscles Laboratory Activities


    This page titled 12.8: Laboratory Activities and Assignment is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Rosanna Hartline.

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