6.2.5: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 97197
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- A horizon
- consists of a mixture of organic material with inorganic products of weathering
- B horizon
- soil layer that is an accumulation of mostly fine material that has moved downward
- bedrock
- solid rock that lies beneath the soil
- C horizon
- layer of soil that contains the parent material, and the organic and inorganic material that is broken down to form soil; also known as the soil base
- clay
- soil particles that are less than 0.002 mm in diameter
- epiphyte
- plant that grows on other plants but is not dependent upon other plants for nutrition
- horizon
- soil layer with distinct physical and chemical properties, which differs from other layers depending on how and when it was formed
- humus
- organic material of soil; made up of microorganisms, dead animals, and plants in varying stages of decay
- inorganic compound
- chemical compound that does not contain carbon; it is not part of or produced by a living organism
- insectivorous plant
- plant that has specialized leaves to attract and digest insects
- loam
- soil that has no dominant particle size
- macronutrient
- nutrient that is required in large amounts for plant growth; carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur
- micronutrient
- nutrient required in small amounts; also called trace element
- mineral soil
- type of soil that is formed from the weathering of rocks and inorganic material; composed primarily of sand, silt, and clay
- nitrogenase
- enzyme that is responsible for the reduction of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia
- nodules
- specialized structures that contain Rhizobia bacteria where nitrogen fixation takes place
- O horizon
- layer of soil with humus at the surface and decomposed vegetation at the base
- organic compound
- chemical compound that contains carbon
- organic soil
- type of soil that is formed from sedimentation; composed primarily of organic material
- parasitic plant
- plant that is dependent on its host for survival
- parent material
- organic and inorganic material in which soils form
- rhizobia
- soil bacteria that symbiotically interact with legume roots to form nodules and fix nitrogen
- rhizosphere
- area of soil affected by root secretions and microorganisms
- sand
- soil particles between 0.1–2 mm in diameter
- saprophyte
- plant that does not have chlorophyll and gets its food from dead matter
- silt
- soil particles between 0.002 and 0.1 mm in diameter
- soil
- outer loose layer that covers the surface of Earth
- soil profile
- vertical section of a soil
- symbiont
- plant in a symbiotic relationship with bacteria or fungi