5.8.9: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 97171
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- amoebocyte
- sponge cell with multiple functions, including nutrient delivery, egg formation, sperm delivery, and cell differentiation
- Annelida
- phylum of vermiform animals with metamerism
- archenteron
- primitive gut cavity within the gastrula that opens outward via the blastopore
- Arthropoda
- phylum of animals with jointed appendages
- biramous
- referring to two branches per appendage
- captacula
- tentacle-like projection that is present in tusks shells to catch prey
- cephalothorax
- fused head and thorax in some species
- chelicera
- modified first pair of appendages in subphylum Chelicerata
- choanocyte
- (also, collar cell) sponge cell that functions to generate a water current and to trap and ingest food particles via phagocytosis
- Chordata
- phylum of animals distinguished by their possession of a notochord, a dorsal, hollow nerve cord, an endostyle, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail at some point in their development
- clitellum
- specialized band of fused segments, which aids in reproduction
- Cnidaria
- phylum of animals that are diploblastic and have radial symmetry
- cnidocyte
- specialized stinging cell found in Cnidaria
- conispiral
- shell shape coiled around a horizontal axis
- corona
- wheel-like structure on the anterior portion of the rotifer that contains cilia and moves food and water toward the mouth
- ctenidium
- specialized gill structure in mollusks
- cuticle (animal)
- the tough, external layer possessed by members of the invertebrate class Ecdysozoa that is periodically molted and replaced
- cypris
- larval stage in the early development of crustaceans
- Echinodermata
- phylum of deuterostomes with spiny skin; exclusively marine organisms
- enterocoelom
- coelom formed by fusion of coelomic pouches budded from the endodermal lining of the archenteron
- epidermis
- outer layer (from ectoderm) that lines the outside of the animal
- extracellular digestion
- food is taken into the gastrovascular cavity, enzymes are secreted into the cavity, and the cells lining the cavity absorb nutrients
- gastrodermis
- inner layer (from endoderm) that lines the digestive cavity
- gastrovascular cavity
- opening that serves as both a mouth and an anus, which is termed an incomplete digestive system
- gemmule
- structure produced by asexual reproduction in freshwater sponges where the morphology is inverted
- hemocoel
- internal body cavity seen in arthropods
- hermaphrodite
- referring to an animal where both male and female gonads are present in the same individual
- invertebrata
- (also, invertebrates) category of animals that do not possess a cranium or vertebral column
- madreporite
- pore for regulating entry and exit of water into the water vascular system
- mantle
- (also, pallium) specialized epidermis that encloses all visceral organs and secretes shells
- mastax
- jawed pharynx unique to the rotifers
- medusa
- free-floating cnidarian body plan with mouth on underside and tentacles hanging down from a bell
- mesoglea
- non-living, gel-like matrix present between ectoderm and endoderm in cnidarians
- mesohyl
- collagen-like gel containing suspended cells that perform various functions in the sponge
- metamerism
- series of body structures that are similar internally and externally, such as segments
- Mollusca
- phylum of protostomes with soft bodies and no segmentation
- nacre
- calcareous secretion produced by bivalves to line the inner side of shells as well as to coat intruding particulate matter
- nauplius
- larval stage in the early development of crustaceans
- nematocyst
- harpoon-like organelle within cnidocyte with pointed projectile and poison to stun and entangle prey
- Nematoda
- phylum of worm-like animals that are triploblastic, pseudocoelomates that can be free-living or parasitic
- Nemertea
- phylum of dorsoventrally flattened protostomes known as ribbon worms
- osculum
- large opening in the sponge’s body through which water leaves
- ostium
- pore present on the sponge’s body through which water enters
- oviger
- additional pair of appendages present on some arthropods between the chelicerae and pedipalps
- parapodium
- fleshy, flat, appendage that protrudes in pairs from each segment of polychaetes
- pedipalp
- second pair of appendages in Chelicerata
- pilidium
- larval form found in some nemertine species
- pinacocyte
- epithelial-like cell that forms the outermost layer of sponges and encloses a jelly-like substance called mesohyl
- planospiral
- shell shape coiled around a vertical axis
- planuliform
- larval form found in phylum Nemertea
- polymorphic
- possessing multiple body plans within the lifecycle of a group of organisms
- polyp
- stalk-like sessile life form of a cnidarians with mouth and tentacles facing upward, usually sessile but may be able to glide along surface
- Porifera
- phylum of animals with no true tissues, but a porous body with rudimentary endoskeleton
- radula
- tongue-like organ with chitinous ornamentation
- rhynchocoel
- cavity present above the mouth that houses the proboscis
- schizocoelom
- coelom formed by groups of cells that split from the endodermal layer
- sclerocyte
- cell that secretes silica spicules into the mesohyl
- seta/chaeta
- chitinous projection from the cuticle
- siphon
- tubular structure that serves as an inlet for water into the mantle cavity
- spicule
- structure made of silica or calcium carbonate that provides structural support for sponges
- spongocoel
- central cavity within the body of some sponges
- trochophore
- first of the two larval stages in mollusks
- uniramous
- referring to one branch per appendage
- veliger
- second of the two larval stages in mollusks
- water vascular system
- system in echinoderms where water is the circulatory fluid
- zoea
- larval stage in the early development of crustaceans