4.1.5: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 97099
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- adaptation
- heritable trait or behavior in an organism that aids in its survival and reproduction in its present environment
- adaptive radiation
- speciation when one species radiates to form several other species
- allopatric speciation
- speciation that occurs via geographic separation
- allopolyploid
- polyploidy formed between two related, but separate species
- aneuploidy
- condition of a cell having an extra chromosome or missing a chromosome for its species
- autopolyploid
- polyploidy formed within a single species
- behavioral isolation
- type of reproductive isolation that occurs when a specific behavior or lack of one prevents reproduction from taking place
- convergent evolution
- process by which groups of organisms independently evolve to similar forms
- dispersal
- allopatric speciation that occurs when a few members of a species move to a new geographical area
- divergent evolution
- process by which groups of organisms evolve in diverse directions from a common point
- gametic barrier
- prezygotic barrier occurring when closely related individuals of different species mate, but differences in their gamete cells (eggs and sperm) prevent fertilization from taking place
- gradual speciation model
- model that shows how species diverge gradually over time in small steps
- habitat isolation
- reproductive isolation resulting when species' populations move or are moved to a new habitat, taking up residence in a place that no longer overlaps with the same species' other populations
- homologous structures
- parallel structures in diverse organisms that have a common ancestor
- hybrid
- offspring of two closely related individuals, not of the same species
- hybrid zone
- area where two closely related species continue to interact and reproduce, forming hybrids
- natural selection
- reproduction of individuals with favorable genetic traits that survive environmental change because of those traits, leading to evolutionary change
- postzygotic barrier
- reproductive isolation mechanism that occurs after zygote formation
- prezygotic barrier
- reproductive isolation mechanism that occurs before zygote formation
- punctuated equilibrium
- model for rapid speciation that can occur when an event causes a small portion of a population to be cut off from the rest of the population
- reinforcement
- continued speciation divergence between two related species due to low fitness of hybrids between them
- reproductive isolation
- situation that occurs when a species is reproductively independent from other species; behavior, location, or reproductive barriers may cause this to happen
- speciation
- formation of a new species
- species
- group of populations that interbreed and produce fertile offspring
- sympatric speciation
- speciation that occurs in the same geographic space
- temporal isolation
- differences in breeding schedules that can act as a form of prezygotic barrier leading to reproductive isolation
- variation
- genetic differences among individuals in a population
- vestigial structure
- physical structure present in an organism but that has no apparent function and appears to be from a functional structure in a distant ancestor
- vicariance
- allopatric speciation that occurs when something in the environment separates organisms of the same species into separate groups