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2.4.9: Key Terms

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    97019
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    acetyl CoA
    combination of an acetyl group derived from pyruvic acid and coenzyme A, which is made from pantothenic acid (a B-group vitamin)
    aerobic respiration
    process in which organisms convert energy in the presence of oxygen
    anaerobic
    process that does not use oxygen
    anaerobic cellular respiration
    process in which organisms convert energy for their use in the absence of oxygen
    ATP synthase
    (also F1F0 ATP synthase) membrane-embedded protein complex that adds a phosphate to ADP with energy from protons diffusing through it
    chemiosmosis
    process in which there is a production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cellular metabolism by the involvement of a proton gradient across a membrane
    citric acid cycle
    (also Krebs cycle) series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells for extraction of energy from carbohydrates
    dephosphorylation
    removal of a phosphate group from a molecule
    fermentation
    process of regenerating NAD+ with either an inorganic or organic compound serving as the final electron acceptor; occurs in the absence of oxygen
    GLUT protein
    integral membrane protein that transports glucose
    glycolysis
    process of breaking glucose into two three-carbon molecules with the production of ATP and NADH
    isomerase
    enzyme that converts a molecule into its isomer
    Krebs cycle
    (also citric acid cycle) alternate name for the citric acid cycle, named after Hans Krebs, who first identified the steps in the pathway in the 1930s in pigeon flight muscles; see citric acid cycle
    oxidative phosphorylation
    production of ATP using the process of chemiosmosis in the presence of oxygen
    phosphorylation
    addition of a high-energy phosphate to a compound, usually a metabolic intermediate, a protein, or ADP
    prosthetic group
    (also prosthetic cofactor) molecule bound to a protein that facilitates the function of the protein
    pyruvate
    three-carbon sugar that can be decarboxylated and oxidized to make acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle under aerobic conditions; the end product of glycolysis
    redox reaction
    chemical reaction that consists of the coupling of an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction
    substrate-level phosphorylation
    production of ATP from ADP using the excess energy from a chemical reaction and a phosphate group from a reactant
    TCA cycle
    (also citric acid cycle) alternate name for the citric acid cycle, named after the group name for citric acid, tricarboxylic acid (TCA); see citric acid cycle
    ubiquinone
    soluble electron transporter in the electron transport chain that connects the first or second complex to the third

    2.4.9: Key Terms is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.

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