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11.10: Bibliography

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    71076
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    Alroy, J. 2015. Current extinction rates of reptiles and amphibians. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112: 13003–08. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1508681112

    Andersson, J., M. de Garine-Wichatitsky, D. Cumming, et al. 2013. Transfrontier Conservation Areas: People Living on the Edge (New York: Routledge).

    Anon. 2018. 9,873 Kihansi spray toads return to their environment. IPP Media. https://go.shr.lc/2B6N7wB

    Araújo, M.B., and M. Luoto. 2007. The importance of biotic interactions for modelling species distributions under climate change. Global Ecology and Biogeography 16: 743–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00359.x

    Armstrong, D.P., and P.J. Seddon. 2007. Directions in reintroduction biology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 23: 20–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.10.003

    Ayebare, S., R. Ponce-Reyes, S.B. Segan, et al. 2013. Identifying climate resilient corridors for conservation in the Albertine Rift (Chicago: MacArthur Foundation).

    Bartlam-Brooks, H.L.A., M.C. Bonyongo, and S. Harris. 2011. Will reconnecting ecosystems allow long-distance mammal migrations to resume? A case study of a zebra Equus burchelli migration in Botswana. Oryx 45: 210–16. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605310000414

    Ben-Nun, I.F., S.C. Montague, M.L. Houck, et al. 2011. Induced pluripotent stem cells from highly endangered species. Nature Methods 8: 829–31. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.1706.

    Bennett, G. 2004. Linkages in practice: A review of their conservation value (Gland: IUCN). https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/8412

    Bentrup, G., M. Dosskey, G. Wells, et al. 2012. Connecting landscape fragments through riparian zones. In: Forest Landscape Restoration, ed. by J. Stanturf, et al. (Dortrecht: Springer). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5326-6

    Betts, M.G., B. Phalan, S.J.K. Frey, et al. 2018. Oldgrowth forests buffer climatesensitive bird populations from warming. Diversity and Distributions 24: 439–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12688

    BirdLife South Africa. 2019. Creating new penguin colonies. https://www.birdlife.org.za/what-we-do/seabird-conservation/what-we-do/coastal-seabird-conservation/creating-penguin-colonies/

    Bonnell, T.R., R. Reyna-Hurtado, and C.A. Chapman. 2011. Post-logging recovery time is longer than expected in an East African tropical forest. Forest Ecology and Management 261: 855–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.016

    Boundja, R.P., and J.J. Midgley. 2010. Patterns of elephant impact on woody plants in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. African Journal of Ecology 48: 206–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01104.x

    Brook, R.K., and S.M. McLachlan. 2008. Trends and prospects for local knowledge in ecological and conservation research and monitoring. Biodiversity and Conservation 17: 3501–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9445-x

    Brooks, T.M., S.J. Wright, and D. Sheil. 2009. Evaluating the success of conservation actions in safeguarding tropical forest biodiversity. Conservation Biology 23: 1448–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01334.x

    Brossy, J.J., A.L. Plös, J.M. Blackbeard, et al. 1999. Diseases acquired by captive penguins: What happens when they are released into the wild? Marine Ornithology 27: 185–86

    Brown, M., M. Perrin, and B. Hoffman. 2007. Reintroduction of captive-bred African Grass-Owls Tyto capensis into natural habitat. Ostrich 78: 75–79. https://doi.org/10.2989/OSTRICH.2007.78.1.11.55

    Caro, T.J. Eadie, and A. Sih. 2005. Use of substitute species in conservation biology. Conservation Biology 19: 1821–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00251.x

    Childress, B., D. Harper, B. Hughes, et al. 2004. Satellite tracking lesser flamingo movements in the Rift Valley, East Africa: Pilot study report. Ostrich 75: 57–65. https://doi.org/10.2989/00306520409485413

    Conde, D.A., J. Staerk, F. Colchero, et al. 2019. Data gaps and opportunities for comparative and conservation biology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116: 9658–64. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1816367116

    Conde, D.A., N. Flesness, F. Colchero, et al. 2011. An emerging role of zoos to conserve biodiversity. Science 331: 1390–91. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1200674

    Creel, S., M.S. Becker, S.M. Durant, et al. 2013. Conserving large populations of lions–the argument for fences has holes. Ecology Letters 16: 1413. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12145

    Cumming, D.H.M. 1999. Study on development of transboundary natural resources management areas in Southern Africa — environmental context: Natural resources, land use and conservation (Washington: Biodiversity Support Programme).

    Cunningham, S.J., A.C. Kruger, M.P. Nxumalo, et al. 2013. Identifying biologically meaningful hot-weather events using threshold temperatures that affect life-history. PLoS ONE 8: e82492. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082492

    Cushman, S.A., N.B. Elliot, D.W. Macdonald, et al. 2016. A multi-scale assessment of population connectivity in African lions (Panthera leo). Landscape Ecology 31: 1337–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0292-3

    Dallimer, M., and N. Strange. 2015. Why socio-political borders and boundaries matter in conservation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 30: 132–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2014.12.004

    Dawson, J., F. Patel, R.A. Griffiths, et al. 2016. Assessing the global zoo response to the amphibian crisis through 20-year trends in captive collections. Conservation Biology 30: 82–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12563

    Deemer, B.R., J.A. Harrison, S. Li, et al. 2016. Greenhouse gas emissions from reservoir water surfaces: A new global synthesis. BioScience 66: 949–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biw117

    Dubach, J.M., M.B. Briggs, P.A. White, et al., 2013. Genetic perspectives on “Lion Conservation Units” in Eastern and Southern Africa. Conservation Genetics 14: 741–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-013-0453-3

    Dupuis-Desormeaux, M., T.N. Kaaria, M. Mwololo, et al. 2018. A ghost fence-gap: Surprising wildlife usage of an obsolete fence crossing. PeerJ 6: e5950. https://dx.doi.org/10.7717%2Fpeerj.5950

    Ferreira, S.M., and M. Hofmeyr. 2014. Managing charismatic carnivores in small areas: Large felids in South Africa. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 44: 32–42. https://doi.org/10.3957/056.044.0102

    Ferrie, G.M., K.H. Farmer, C.W. Kuhar, et al. 2014. The social, economic, and environmental contributions of Pan African Sanctuary Alliance primate sanctuaries in Africa. Biodiversity and Conservation 23: 187–201. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-013-0592-3

    Frankham, R., J.D. Ballou, M.D.B. Eldridge, et al. 2011. Predicting the probability of outbreeding depression. Conservation Biology 25: 465–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01662.x

    Fritz, H., and P. Duncan. 1994. On the carrying capacity for large ungulates of African savanna ecosystems. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 256: 77–82. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1994.0052

    Giam, X., R.K. Hadiaty, H.H. Tan, et al. 2015. Mitigating the impact of oilpalm monoculture on freshwater fishes in Southeast Asia. Conservation Biology 29: 1357–67. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12483

    Gillett, H. 2002. Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants in Ghana (Cambridge: UNEP-WCMC). https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7487/Conservation_sustainable_use_medicinal_plants_Ghana.pdf

    Godefroid, S., C. Piazza, G. Rossi, et al. 2011. How successful are plant species reintroductions? Biological Conservation 144: 672–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.10.003

    Godley, B.J., C. Barbosa, M. Bruford, et al. 2010. Unravelling migratory connectivity in marine turtles using multiple methods. Journal of Applied Ecology 47: 769–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01817.x

    Gómez, C., N.J. Bayly, D.R. Norris, et al. 2017. Fuel loads acquired at a stopover site influence the pace of intercontinental migration in a boreal songbird. Scientific Reports 7: 3405. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03503-4

    Grey-Ross, R., C.T. Downs, and K. Kirkman. 2009. Reintroduction failure of captive-bred oribi (Ourebia ourebi). South African Journal of Wildlife Research 39: 34–38. https://doi.org/10.3957/056.039.0104

    Groom, R.J., K. Lannas, and C.R. Jackson. 2017. The impact of lions on the demography and ecology of endangered African wild dogs. Animal Conservation 20: 382–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12328

    Gusset, M., A.H. Maddock, G.J. Gunther, et al. 2008a. Conflicting human interests over the re-introduction of endangered wild dogs in South Africa. Biodiversity and Conservation 17: 83–101. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9232-0

    Gusset, M., R. Slotow, and M.J. Somers. 2006. Divided we fail: The importance of social integration for the reintroduction of endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus). Journal of Zoology 270: 502–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00168.x

    Gusset, M., S.J. Ryan, M. Hofmeyr, et al. 2008b. Efforts going to the dogs? Evaluating attempts to reintroduce endangered wild dogs in South Africa. Journal of Applied Ecology 45: 100–08. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01357.x

    Haddad, N.M., L.A. Brudwig, A.I. Damschen, et al. 2014. Potential negative ecological effects of corridors. Conservation Biology 28: 1178–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12323

    Harris, L., E.E. Campbell, R. Nel, et al. 2014. Rich diversity, strong endemism, but poor protection: Addressing the neglect of sandy beach ecosystems in coastal conservation planning. Diversity and Distributions 20: 1120–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12226

    Hayward, M.W., J. Adendorff, L. Moolman, et al. 2007b. The successful reintroduction of leopard Panthera pardus to the Addo Elephant National Park. African Journal of Ecology 45: 103–04. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2006.00673.x

    Hayward, M.W., J. O’Brien, and G.I.H. Kerley. 2007a. Carrying capacity of large African predators: Predictions and tests. Biological Conservation 139: 219–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2007.06.018

    Henry, E., E. Brammer-Robbins, E. Aschenough, et al. 2019. Do substitute species help or hinder endangered species management? Biological Conservation 232: 127–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.01.031

    Herkt, K.M.B., G. Barnikel, A.K. Skidmore, et al. 2016. A high-resolution model of bat diversity and endemism for continental Africa. Ecological Modelling 320: 9–28. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.09.009

    Horton, A.J., E.D. Lazarus, T.C. Hales, et al. 2018. Can riparian forest buffers increase yields from palm oil plantations? Earth’s Future 6: 1082–96. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EF000874

    Houser, A., M. Gusset, C.J. Gragg, et al. 2011. Pre-release hunting training and post-release monitoring are key components in the rehabilitation of orphaned large felids. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 41: 11–20. https://doi.org/10.3957/056.041.0111

    Hudgens, B.R., W.F. Morris, N.M. Haddad, et al. 2012. How complex do models need to be to predict dispersal of threatened species through matrix habitats? Ecological Applications 22: 1701–10. https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1048.1

    IUCN. 2019. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. http://www.iucnredlist.org

    Jachowski, D.S., R. Slotow, and J.J. Millspaugh. 2013. Delayed physiological acclimatization by African elephants following reintroduction. Animal Conservation 16: 575–83. http://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12031

    Jones, T., A.J. Bamford, D. Ferrol-Schulte, et al. 2012. Vanishing wildlife corridors and options for restoration: A case study from Tanzania. Tropical Conservation Science 5: 463–74. https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291200500405

    Jordaan, M., A. Lubbe, C. Bragg, et al. 2017. Labeo seeberi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T11071A100162293. http://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T11071A100162293.en

    Kays, R., M.C. Crofoot, W. Jetz, et al. 2015. Terrestrial animal tracking as an eye on life and planet. Science 348: aaa2478. http://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa2478

    Kearney, M., and W. Porter. 2009. Mechanistic niche modelling: Combining physiological and spatial data to predict species’ ranges. Ecology Letters 12: 334–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01277.x

    King, L.E., I. Douglas-Hamilton, and F. Vollrath. 2011. Beehive fences as effective deterrents for crop-raiding elephants: Field trials in northern Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 49: 431–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2011.01275.x

    King, T., C. Chamberlan, and A. Courage. 2014. Assessing reintroduction success in long-lived primates through population viability analysis: Western lowland gorillas Gorilla gorilla gorilla in Central Africa. Oryx 48: 294–303. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605312001391

    Laurance, S.G., and W.F. Laurance. 1999. Tropical wildlife corridors: Use of linear rainforest remnants by arboreal mammals. Biological Conservation 91: 231–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00077-4

    Leaver, J. 2014. Options for eland: A multi-scale assessment of antipredatory responses of a vulnerable prey species to their major predator in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. MSc thesis (Port Elizabeth: NMMU). http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6570

    Lindsey, P., C.J. Tambling, R. Brummer, et al. 2011. Minimum prey and area requirements of the Vulnerable cheetah Acinonyx jubatus: implications for reintroduction and management of the species in South Africa. Oryx 45: 587–99. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003060531000150X

    Lindsey, P.A., R. Alexander, J.T. du Toit, et al. 2005. The cost efficiency of wild dog conservation in South Africa. Conservation Biology 19: 1205–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00088.x

    Linklater, W., and A.M. Shrader. 2017. Rhino challenges: Spatial and social ecology for habitat and population management. In: Conserving Africa’s Mega-diversity in the Anthropocene: The Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park Story, ed. by J.P.G.M. Cromsigt, et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139382793

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    Maxted, N. 2001. Ex situ, in situ conservation. In: Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, ed. by S.A. Levin (San Diego: Academic Press).

    Maxwell, S.M., G.A. Breed, B.A. Nickel, et al. 2011. Using Satellite tracking to optimize protection of long-lived marine species: Olive ridley sea turtle conservation in Central Africa. PLoS ONE 6: e19905. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019905

    McClanahan, T.R., and N.A. Muthiga. 2017. Environmental variability indicates a climate-adaptive center under threat in northern Mozambique coral reefs. Ecosphere 8: e01812. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1812

    McLennan, M.R., and A.J. Plumptre. 2012. Protected apes, unprotected forest: Composition, structure and diversity of riverine forest fragments and their conservation value in Uganda. Tropical Conservation Science 5: 79–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291200500108

    McNutt, J.W, M.N. Parker, M.J. Swarner, et al. 2008. Adoption as a conservation tool for endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus). African Journal of Wildlife Research 38: 109–13. https://doi.org/10.3957/0379-4369-38.2.109

    McPherson, J.M., W. Jetz, and D.J. Rogers. 2006. Using coarse-grained occurrence data to predict species distributions at finer spatial resolutions—possibilities and limitations. Ecological Modelling 192: 499–522. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.08.007

    Menges, E.S., S.A. Smith, and C.W. Weekley. 2016. Adaptive introductions: How multiple experiments and comparisons to wild populations provide insights into requirements for long-term introduction success of an endangered shrub. Plant Diversity 38: 238–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2016.09.004

    Miller, S.M., C.J. Tambling, and P.J. Funston. 2015. GrowLS: Lion (Panthera leo) population growth simulation for small reserve management planning. African Journal of Wildlife Research 45: 169–77. https://doi.org/10.3957/056.045.0169

    Monadjem, A., and A. Reside. The influence of riparian vegetation on the distribution and abundance of bats in an African savanna. Acta Chiropterologica 10: 339–48. http://doi.org/10.3161/150811008X414917

    Negrón-Ortiz, V. 2014. Pattern of expenditures for plant conservation under the Endangered Species Act. Biological Conservation 171: 36–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.01.018

    Newmark, W.D. 2008. Isolation of African protected areas. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6: 321–28. https://doi.org/10.1890/070003

    Newmark, W.D., C.N. Jenkins, S.L. Pimm, et al. 2017. Targeted habitat restoration can reduce extinction rates in fragmented forests. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114: 9635–40. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1705834114

    Ng’weno, C.C., N.J. Maiyo, A.H. Ali, et al. 2017. Lions influence the decline and habitat shift of hartebeest in a semiarid savanna. Journal of Mammalogy 98: 1078–87. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyx040

    Nunes, M., J.B. Adams, and G.M. Rishworth. 2018. Shifts in phytoplankton community structure in response to hydrological changes in the shallow St Lucia Estuary. Marine Pollution Bulletin 128: 275–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.035

    Packer, C., A. Loveridge, S. Canney, et al. 2013. Conserving large carnivores: Dollars and fence. Ecology Letters 16: 635–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12091

    Pearson, R.G., and T.P. Dawson. 2003. Predicting the impacts of climate change on the distribution of species: Are bioclimate envelope models useful? Global Ecology and Biogeography 12: 361–71. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.2003.00042.x

    Pearson, R.G., W. Thuiller, M.B. Araújo, et al. 2006. Modelbased uncertainty in species range prediction. Journal of Biogeography 33: 1704–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01460.x

    Pérez, I., J.D. Anadón, M. Díaz, et al. 2012. What is wrong with current translocations? A review and a decisionmaking proposal. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10: 494–501. https://doi.org/10.1890/110175

    Phillips, S.J., P. Williams, G. Midgley, et al. 2008. Optimizing dispersal corridors for the Cape Proteaceae using network flow. Ecological Applications 18: 1200–11. https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0507.1

    Plumptre, A.J., S. Nixon, D.K. Kujirakwinja, et al. 2016. Catastrophic decline of world’s largest primate: 80% loss of Grauer’s gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri) population justifies Critically Endangered status. PloS ONE 11: e0162697. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162697

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    Pryke, J.S., and M.J. Samways. 2012. Conservation management of complex natural forest and plantation edge effects. Landscape Ecology 27: 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-011-9668-1

    Ralls, K., J.D. Ballou, M.R. Dudash, et al. 2018. Call for a paradigm shift in the genetic management of fragmented populations. Conservation Letters 11: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12412

    Reilly, S.B., J.L. Bannister, P.B. Best, et al. 2013. Eubalaena australis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T8153A44230386. http://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T8153A50354147.en

    Riggio, J., and T. Caro. 2017. Structural connectivity at a national scale: Wildlife corridors in Tanzania. PLoS ONE 12: e0187407. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187407

    Ripple, W.J., J.A. Estes, R.L. Beschta, et al. 2014. Status and ecological effects of the world’s largest carnivores. Science 343: 12341484. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1241484

    Runge, C.A., J.E.M. Watson, S.H.M. Butchart, et al. 2015. Protected areas and global conservation of migratory birds. Science 350: 1255–58. http://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac9180

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    Scheele, B.C., D.A. Hunter, L.F. Grogan, et al. 2014. Interventions for reducing extinction risk in Chytridiomycosisthreatened amphibians. Conservation Biology 28: 1195–205. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12322

    Schleuning, M., J. Fründ, O. Schweiger, et al. 2016. Ecological networks are more sensitive to plant than to animal extinction under climate change. Nature Communications 7: 13965. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13965

    Schmidt, F., F.A. Franke, M.H. Shirley, et al. 2015. The importance of genetic research in zoo breeding programs for threatened species: The African dwarf crocodiles (genus Osteolaemus) as a case study. International Zoo Yearbook 49: 125–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/izy.12082

    Scott, J.M., D.D. Goble, J.A. Wiens, et al. 2005. Recovery of imperilled species under the Endangered Species Act: The need for a new approach. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3: 383–89. https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0383:ROISUT]2.0.CO;2

    Shackeroff, J.M., and L.M. Campbell. 2007. Traditional ecological knowledge in conservation research: Problems and prospects for their constructive engagement. Conservation and Society 5: 343

    Sherley, R.B., K. Ludynia, B.M. Dyer, et al. 2017. Metapopulation tracking juvenile penguins reveals an ecosystem-wide ecological trap. Current Biology 27: 563–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.054

    Shrader, A.M., C. Bell, L. Bertolli, et al. 2012. Forest or the trees: At what scale do elephants make foraging decisions? Acta Oecologica 42: 3–10. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2011.09.009

    Silber, G.K., A.S.M. Vanderlaan, A.T. Arceredillo, et al. 2012. The role of the International Maritime Organization in reducing vessel threat to whales: Process, options, action and effectiveness. Marine Policy 36: 1221–33. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2012.03.008

    Sileshi, G.W., P. Nyeko, P.O.Y. Nkunika, et al. 2009. Integrating ethno-ecological and scientific knowledge of termites for sustainable termite management and human welfare in Africa. Ecology and Society 14: 48. http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss1/art48

    Singh, J. 1998. The lessons learnt: The development and management of transboundary parks world-wide. In: Study on the Development and Management of Trans-boundary Conservation Areas in Southern Africa (Gabarone: RCSA).

    Stears, K., and A.M. Shrader. 2015. Increases in food availability can tempt oribi antelope into taking greater risks at both large and small spatial scales. Animal Behaviour 108: 155–64. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.07.012

    Tambling, C.J., D.J. Druce, M.W. Hayward, et al. 2012. Spatial and temporal changes in group dynamics and range use enable anti-predator responses in African buffalo. Ecology 93: 1297–304. https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1770.1

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